What Is A Tilt Shift Lens? Let Me Explain In Less Than 10 Minutes
A tilt-shift lens is a lens which can be tilted and shifted, so the lens plane is not parallel to the camera sensor, and the imaging circle is moved from the centre. This allows photos to be taken from different perspectives and with more uniform image quality across the image. Tilt-shift lenses are used in architectural photography, straightening verticals rendered crooked or converging by conventional lenses, and they are also used where creative depth of field is required. Blimey. What does this all mean?
Well, a tilt-shift lens is a specialist lens, you'll know when you need one. And if you don't need one, don't worry about it. I won't take too long, and I will explain this in plain English until you know just enough, so you know what they are, and if you need to find out more about them and spend a big lump of cash on one.
Hi, and welcome to Episode 66 of the photography explained podcast. I'm your host, Rick, and in each episode, I will explain one photographic thing to you in plain English in less than 10 minutes (ish) without the irrelevant details. What I tell you is based on my lifetime of photographic experience, and not Google. Well, there was a little bit of Google in this one actually.
You can listen to the episode here
Or you can read on - it’s entirely up you!
Okay, how do they work?
Well, there are lots of clever things inside that move lens elements. How they do this really is not important. So what I will do instead is I will explain the fundamentals.
Okay, the first part of this is tilt.
And now for the science bit. The Scheimpflug principle is the one where the lens plane is no longer parallel to the image sensor.
Does knowing this weird word help us? Not really, I just found it during my little bit of Google research and thought I'd throw it in here to make me sound intelligent!
Okay, so with tilt, you tilt the lens to the left or to the right.
This changes the relationship of the focal plane to the sensor, they are no longer parallel. Now you need to have a look at a picture of a tilt-shift lens to get your head around this, I used to have one so I understand it.
Basically, the lens is fixed to the camera body. And then using the little wheels on the sides, you can tilt the lens left or right. Some of it stays where it is some of it moves, it's very complicated.
This can give you increased depth of field with the bits on the left on the right going out of focus. So what this is doing is giving you massive control of the depth field and a completely different type of image. Okay, so we have tilt, and we have shift.
And what about shift?
By using the shift feature, it looks like you've taken a photo from a different position. It's quite weird when you do it because you look through the viewfinder of a photo you have just taken and it's like, but I'm not there.
It is a bit strange, but you get your head around it. I did eventually. So if I can, you can.
Shift is the one that you use to make converging vertical straight in architecture photography. Now, I'm not gonna lie to you here. I thought it was tilt that did that (clearly I had not applied any thought to this misconception in my own head).
That's why I'm enjoying doing these episodes because I start off with what I know, and then I realise I was wrong (sometimes). So I go from what I know, to what I thought I knew to the reality which isn’t always the same.
So I've learned something today, which is good.
You can also use shift to photograph mirrors and not be in them, or rooms with mirrors in them. If you've ever seen those photographs and wondered how they got them, probably like me you assumed it's just Photoshop editing, but no it is the shift thing.
And it's clever.
I actually did this and it's a really weird thing to experience. It's brilliant. And if you don't need this now, it's good to know for the future.
Panoramic photos
Shift can also be used when you're taking panoramic photos. You know, when you take photos to the left, middle and then to the right, and then you stitch them all together. When you do that, you lose bits caused by what's called parallax, which (I put on my notes here) is one for another time. It's possibly one for never.
it's just some optical effect called parallax. Let's not worry about that.
Architectural Photography
In architectural photography, you shift the lens. You get the camera on a tripod level, and what I'd normally do is get the camera level horizontally and front to back, so I'm square onto the building. And what happens is the top of the building, sometimes, not always, because I use a 17mm lens, sometimes isn't in the frame.
So what you do is you tilt the camera and lens back, I use the geared levers on my tripod head for this. As you lean the camera back, the verticals start to converge. Now with a tilt-shift lens, you put the building in the photo as you would, and then in camera, you shift the lens. And you correct the converging verticals in camera.
It's an awesome thing to do. I wouldn't say it's easy, but it's not too hard. And it's effective.
Keeping it real
And you got to make sure that the building looks realistic afterwards. So the top tip here, once you've got your building perfectly vertical, however you do it, I like to give it a little 5% lean back, no, not the bacon, to make it look natural, because we're not used to seeing buildings ramrod straight – this is not how we perceive things from ground level.
Panoramic photos
Okay, so for panoramic photos, again, you use the shift function.
I haven’t done this, I'm not gonna lie to you, I've taken a few panoramic photos, and just cropped out that bit caused by parallax. But if you are into panoramas, this could be for you, you'll get more out of each photo, which can only be a good thing.
Another use – make things look tiny
You know those photos where things look like scale models, like little, tiny model villages and what have you? You know, where you get a minuscule depth of field, everything just looks really small. It's a really surreal effect, you get that using the tilt feature, not sure if this is a tilt thing.
So tilt is associated with the control of the depth of field.
Controlling the depth of field
We're talking about increasing the depth of field to put everything in focus. You can change the relationship between the focal plane of the lens and the sensor. And if you think about it this makes sense.
So if you can do that, if you go the other way, you can reduce the depth of field to virtually nothing, which really does isolate something.
So yeah, there are other uses for these.
Summary
Tilt is to do with the depth of field.
Shift is for correcting stuff like converging verticals.
This is obviously simplifying these highly complex things to a degree.
Manual focus.
Yeah, there's no autofocus on these things. Now, if you think about it, how many photographs have you taken using manual focus? It is a shock to the system, believe me, it's a real shock.
I couldn't get used to that.
Who makes tilt-shift lenses?
Well, the company that I use Canon, they have the best range of tilt-shift lenses for DSLRs as far as I am aware. They have the following.
They're all Canon T-SE lenses.
135mm- F4L - main uses architecture, studio, and interiors.
90mm- F4L – main uses architecture, studio, interiors
50mm F2 L- main uses architecture, landscapes
45mm F2.8L - natural perspective with image control
24mm F4L – main uses architecture and interiors, and finally
17mm F4L – main uses architecture and interiors.
Canon - give me a 17mm F4L lens, please. I need that lens. I actually do to be fair, that's the lens I want.
How much do they cost?
Right prices from the Canon UK website. And this time as I've been thinking about this since the last episode, for our friends over the pond, I've included the US prices from the Canon US website.
135mm - £2,439 or $2,199
90mm - the same
50mm - the same
45mm - £1,399 sorry I didn't do the US conversion on that (post-episode note $1,399)
24mm - £2,099 or $1,899
17mm - £2,259 or $2,149
Hmmmmmm something upsetting about those prices when you are sat here in the UK – and if you think about the exchange rate they look to be a good 30% more expensive in the UK which is not great is it?
If you're in America it is though….
Are they easy to use?
Well like anything you need to practice. Manual focus I didn't get on with but I loved playing around with it. The big mistake I made was practising, but not properly mastering my tilt-shift lens. I think if I'd done that I would have gone to the 17mm version some years ago, and probably just used that on everything.
So yeah they are more complicated than not having tilting and shifting but there is a reason for that.
Do you get higher-quality images?
You do actually – with these specialist lenses, you get a higher quality across the width of the image.
Okay, do I use a tilt-shift lens?
No, I tried one, didn't practice enough, bought a lens, and sold it without learning it.
And in writing this episode I've realised how much I regret doing that and how much I wish I'd had the courage of my convictions and stuck with my tilt-shift lens.
Okay, my one-line summary
Tilt-shift lenses are specialist lenses where the optics can be moved to provide different effects, perspectives, and depth of field.
Next episode?
My sequence on lenses is done, so let's do a wrap-up on lenses. There's one more thing I want to say which I haven't said so far. And then I'm going to go on to something else. Not sure what yet. So Camera Lenses Explained - Shall We Wrap This Up And Move On? is the next episode.
A quick plug for me and what I do.
Well, why not? If I can't plug myself on my podcast, where can I?
You have found this podcast, so why not check out my splendid website, where I write blog posts about my photographs of buildings and other good stuff. On my courses page, you will find my course, How to Become A Real Estate Photographer.
You can also find me on YouTube talking about my podcast and my blog - just click here to get straight to my channel.
Get an email from me.
Want a weekly email from me? And why wouldn’t you? Fill in the box on the home page, and every Friday, you'll read my photography thoughts.
Ask me a question
If you have a question you would like me to answer, just fill in the form on this page, and your question will be with me before you know it! How utterly splendid! Or you can text me from the podcast feed.
Whatever you do, it’s always lovely to hear from you, my dear listeners.
This episode was brought to you by water. Yes, I've been drinking water.
I've been Rick McEvoy. Thanks again very much for listening to me and for giving me 13 minutes of your valuable time and I will see you on the next episode.
Cheers from me Rick